RESEARCH ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF FISH FEEDING STRATEGY IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS USING ALTERNATIVE, LESS USED AND SUSTAINABLE FEED ADDITIVES AND FEEDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1199/c5b19036Keywords:
additives, alternative feed sources, fish feeding, optimizationAbstract
Fish feed accounts for more than 50% of the total cost of production in intensive aquaculture. Feeding fish with poor quality feed or adopting inappropriate feeding strategies not only causes food wastage and subsequent loss of income, but also leads to water pollution. Feed additives are considered an essential component in fish diets. Additives are substances that are added in small amounts to improve the nutrient content and extend the shelf life of the forage administered in the feed. The addition of additives to fish feed is essential in stimulating growth and supporting fish immunity. Among the additives frequently used in aquaculture are: preservatives, binders, feeding stimulants and food colorings. Optimizing the feeding strategy of fish reared in different types of production systems can be achieved by finding alternative feed sources and/or by adding additives to feed recipes. Ingredients already used as alternatives include soybean, barley, rice, peas, lupine, canola, wheat gluten, corn gluten, various other plant proteins, yeast, insects and algae.References
Bélanger A., Sarker P.K., Bureau D.P., Chouinard Y., Vandenberg G.W.; Apparent digestibility of macronutrients and fatty acids from Microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a potential candidate for fish oil substitution; 2021; Animals 11(2):Art. 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020456
Butt U.D., Lin N., Akhter N., Siddiqui T., Li S., Wu B.; Overview of the latest developments in the role of probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics in shrimp aquaculture; 2021; Fish Shellfish Immunol 114:263–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.003
Cano-Lozano J.A., Villamil Diaz L.M., Melo Bolivar J.F., Hume M.E., Ruiz Pardo R.Y.; Probiotics in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture: Potential probiotic Lactococcus lactis culture conditions; 2022; Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 133(3), 187-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.11.004 , PMID 34920949
De Araújo E.R.L., Barbas L.A.L., Ishikawa C.M., de Carla Dias D., Sussel F.R., de Almeida Marques H.L.; Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic in the diet of Nile Tilapia post- larvae during the sex reversal phase; 2018; Aquaculture International, 26(1), 85-97. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10499-017-0201-7
Ghisaura S., Anedda R., Pagnozzi D., Biosa G., Spada S., Bonaglini E., Cappuccinelli R., Roggio T., Uzzau S., Addis M.F.; Impact of three commercial feed formulations on farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L); 2014
Gross A., C.E. Boyd and Lovell. R.T.; Effects of feed protein concentration and feeding rate combinations on quality of pond water and effluent in channel catfish culture; 1999; Israeli Journal of Aquaculture. Bamidgeh 51:47-57
Halver J.E. and Hardy R.W.; Fish nutrition; 2002; Academic Press
Oprea L., Georgescu R.; Nutriția și alimentația peștilor; 2000; Editura Tehnică
Saravanan K., Sivaramakrishnan T., Praveenraj J., Kiruba-Sankar R., Haridas H., Kumar S., Varghese B.; Effects of single and multi-strain probiotics on the growth, hemato-immunological, enzymatic activity, gut morphology and disease resistance in Rohu. Labeo rohita; 2021; Aquaculture 540:736749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736749
Ytrestøyl T., Aas T.S., Åsgård T.; Utilization of feed resources in production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway; 2015; Aquaculture 448:365–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture. 2015.06.023
Zarantoniello M., Pulido Rodriguez L.F., Randazzo B., Cardinaletti G., Giorgini E., Belloni A., Secci G., Faccenda F., Pulcini D., Parisi G., Capoccioni F., Tibaldi E., Olivotto I.; Conventional feed additives or red claw crayfish meal and dried microbial biomass as feed supplement in fish meal-free diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): possible ameliorative effects on growth and gut health status; 2022; Aquaculture 554:738137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738137
National Research Council, NRC. Nutrient requirements of fish; 1993; National Academy of Science of Washington, Washington, USA
