THE IMPACT OF YELLOW RUST ATTACK (PUCCINIA STRIIFORMIS F. SP.TRITICI) ON THE QUALITY INDICES OF TRITICALE GRAINS (TRITICOSECALE WITTMACK)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51258/AAR.2025.7.03Keywords:
attack, yellow rust, hectoliter weight, resistence, triticaleAbstract
Triticale is a nearlyy creted genus as the result of human crossbreeding between the species Triticum aestivum and Secale cereale. It has inherited the high production capacity and high protein content from wheat, and from rye it has a high lysine content and high resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Due to these properties, it is used in a variety of fields such as: the baking and biscuit industries, beer production, fish nutrition, the pulp industry, human medicine, animal feed in different forms (concentrated feed, straw, silage, grazing), bioethanol production, and in the manufacture of food packaging. Through the improvement of this species, the dominant genes are those of wheat, and thus it has started to show a reduced resistance to pathogen attacks, including the attack of yellow rust. At A.R.D.S. Livada, during complex ecological testing on triticale, 15 triticale varieties were evaluated in comparative crops during the 2023-2024 period, with an emphasis on the degree of attack on the quality indices of the grains. In 2021 and 2022, the attack of yellow rust was nonexistent or almost nonexistent, but as the temperatures during the winter period increased, with positive monthly temperature averages, yellow rust showed a strong attack early in the spring, almost completely compromising the crop. The degree of attack by yellow rust ranged between 10% and 75%. The most resistant triticale variety was Zaraza, which, even under climatic conditions that favored the intense manifestation of yellow rust, demonstrated good genetic resistance (GA 10%), leading to a hectoliter weight of 70 kg/hl and a thousand grain weight of 46.8 g. The hectoliter weight for the other 14 varieties ranged between 43 and 61 kg/hl, and the thousand grain weight varied between 24 and 34 g. Rezumat Triticalele sunt rezultatul încrucișării de către om dintre genurile Triticum aestivum și Secale cereale. Acestea au preluat de la grâu capacitatea ridicată de producție și conținutul ridicat în proteină, iar de la secară conținut ridicat în lizină și o rezistență ridicată la factorii de stres biotici și abiotici. Datorită acestor proprietăți se utilizează într-o multitudine de domenii precum: industria de panificație și a biscuiților, a berii, in nutriția peștilor, industria celulozei, în medicină umană, hrana animalelor sub diferite forme (furaj concentrat, paie, siloz, pășunat), industria bioetanolului și în fabricarea ambalajelor alimentare. Prin ameliorarea acestei specii genele dominante sunt cele ale grâului și astfel au început să manifeste o rezistență mai mică la atacul agenților patogeni, inclusiv la atacul de rugină galbenă. La S.C.D.A. Livada, în cadrul testărilor ecologice complexe la triticale, s-au luat în evidență 15 soiuri de triticale testate în culturi comparative în perioada 2023-2024 și evidențierea gradului de atac asupra indicilor de calitate a boabelor. In 2021 și 2022, atacul de rugină galbenă a fost inexistent sau aproape inexistent, dar odată cu creșterea temperaturilor din perioada iernii, când media temperaturilor lunare a fost pozitivă, rugina galbenă a manifestat un atac puternic primăvara devreme, ajungând să compromită aproape în totalitate această cultură. Gradul de atac la rugina galbenă a fost între 10 și 76%. Cel mai rezistent soi de triticale a fost soiul Zaraza, care și în conditiile climatice care au favorizat manifestarea intensă a atacului de rugină galbenă, a confirmat o bună rezistență genetică (GA 10%) rezistență care a dus la înregistrare unei mase hectolitrice de 70 kg/hl și masa a o mie de boabe de 46,8 g. Masa hectolitrica la cele 14 soiuri a fost cuprinsă între 41 si 61 kg/hl iar masa a o mie de boabe între 24 și 34 g.Downloads
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