SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION IN RELATION TO MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PLANT DENSITY

Authors

  • Ciprian Buzna Agricultural Research and Development Station Lovrin, Lovrin, 521, Romania, 0256381401 2) University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania Author
  • Nicolae Marinel Horablaga Agricultural Research and Development Station Lovrin, Lovrin, 521, Romania, 0256381401 2) University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania Author
  • Florin Sala Agricultural Research and Development Station Lovrin, Lovrin, 521, Romania, 0256381401 2) University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51258/AAR.2025.7.04

Keywords:

plant density, sunflower, models, morphological parameters, production

Abstract

This study analyzed the variation of several morphological parameters and yield in sunflower hybrids grown at three planting densities under non-irrigated conditions. The field experiment was conducted at ARDS Lovrin during the 2023–2024 agricultural year. The sunflower hybrids - ES Celion SU (G1), LID 1046H SU (G2), and LID 5053L SU (G3) were cultivated at planting densities of 40,000 (A), 60,000 (B), and 80,000 (C) plants/ha. Morphological parameters, including plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), and calatidium diameter (CD), along with yield (P), were measured. Polynomial models were used to describe the variation in yield in relation to morphological traits and planting density. Among the morphological parameters, SD and PH showed the highest accuracy in yield estimation (RMSE = 193.2755). When plant density (PD) was included, the combination of PD and SD provided even greater precision (RMSE = 94.0254). Compared to the average yield ( P ), certain hybrid × density combinations showed statistically significant yield differences, either positive (e.g., G1C**, p<0.01; G2C*, p<0.05) or negative (G2A OOO, p<0.001; G3AOO, p<0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) explained the total variance and illustrated the relationship between biometric parameters, yield, and experimental variants. Cluster analysis grouped variants based on their similarity in achieved yield (Cophenetic corr. = 0.875). These results support the selection of optimal sowing strategies for tested hybrids under non-irrigated conditions to achieve maximum yield. Abstract Studiul a analizat variația unor parametri morfologici și a producției la hibrizi de floarea-soarelui cultivați la trei densități de semănat, în condiții de neirigare. Experimentul de câmp a fost realizat la SCDA Lovrin, în anul agricol 2023–2024. Hibrizii de floarea-soarelui — ES Celion SU (G1), LID 1046H SU (G2) și LID 5053L SU (G3) — au fost cultivați la densități de plantare de 40.000 (A), 60.000 (B) și 80.000 (C) plante/ha. S-au determinat parametrii morfologici, inclusiv înălțimea plantei (PH), diametrul tulpinii (SD) și diametrul calatidiului (CD), precum și producția (P). Modelele polinomiale au fost utilizate pentru a descrie variația producției în funcție de caracterele morfologice și densitatea plantelor. Dintre parametrii morfologici, SD și PH au oferit cea mai mare precizie în estimarea producției (RMSE = 193.2755). Atunci când a fost inclusă și densitatea plantelor (PD), combinația PD și SD a furnizat o precizie și mai mare (RMSE = 94.0254). Comparativ cu producția medie ( P ), anumite combinații hibrid × densitate au prezentat diferențe semnificative statistic, fie pozitive (de exemplu, G1C**, p<0.01; G2C*, p<0.05), fie negative (G2A OOO, p<0.001; G3AOO, p<0.01). Analiza componentelor principale (PCA) a explicat variația totală și a ilustrat relația dintre parametrii biometrici, producție și variantele experimentale. Analiza cluster a grupat variantele în funcție de similitudinea valorilor producției obținute (Coeficientul cofenetic = 0.875). Rezultatele susțin alegerea strategiilor optime de semănat pentru hibrizii testați, în sistem neirigat, pentru a obține producții maxime.

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Published

01-08-2025

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Section

Field Crops, Natural Resources and Mechanization

How to Cite

(1)
Buzna, C.; Horablaga, N. M.; Sala, F. SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION IN RELATION TO MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PLANT DENSITY. AAR 2025, 7, 38-47. https://doi.org/10.51258/AAR.2025.7.04.