COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TRIVALE AND BEZOSTAIA WHEAT VARIETIES WITHIN CONVENTIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL CROP SYSTEMS

Authors

  • Nicolaie Ionescu ARDS Pitești, Pitești-Slatina Road, # 5, 117030, Electronic mailing address: Author
  • Cristina Ghiorghe ARDS Pitești, Pitești-Slatina Road, # 5, 117030, Electronic mailing address: Author
  • Robert Marian Gheorghe ARDS Pitești, Pitești-Slatina Road, # 5, 117030, Electronic mailing address: Author
  • Diana Maria Popescu ARDS Pitești, Pitești-Slatina Road, # 5, 117030, Electronic mailing address: Author
  • Mariana Cristina Nicolae ARDS Pitești, Pitești-Slatina Road, # 5, 117030, Electronic mailing address: Author
  • Maria Magdalena Podea ARDS Pitești, Pitești-Slatina Road, # 5, 117030, Electronic mailing address: Author
  • Ilie Cătălin Dinuță ARDS Pitești, Pitești-Slatina Road, # 5, 117030, Electronic mailing address: Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51258/AAR.2025.7.09

Keywords:

Conv, cropping systems, Eco, morphology, wheat

Abstract

At the current stage in wheat, the aim is to improve the genetic endowment with as many supports as possible expressed through quantitative and qualitative valences. On the one hand, the aim is to increase the level of grain biomass, and on the other hand, it is also required to obtain sustainability performances for the cultivation environment. Recently, however, this sustainability is also oriented towards promoting the conventional system along with the ecological (green) one. From this point of view an analysis, even morphological aspects, some useful sustainability characters could be identified, with the promotion in fact for both cultivation systems. For the analysis of this material, two wheat varieties with a somewhat longer history in cultivation were used. These are: the Trivale variety, which has been cultivated for over 20 years, and the Bezostaia variety with a much longer history (the 1960s). Both here and elsewhere, it is considered that cereals of the type presented here could increasingly gain ground, given their variable genetic heritage, with greater resilience, high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress and growth capacity. Comparing the two varieties cultivated in the two systems: Conventional-Conv. and Ecological-Eco. it was found that the straw length was reduced by about 9 cm in the Trivale variety and by only 2 cm in Bezostaia. The thickness of the straw at the base was thickened in both varieties by the Eco type culture. The ears of the two varieties were shortened in ecological system by 1 cm. The weight of the ears was reduced in both varieties, by 0.8 g in Trivale and 0.4 g in Bezostaia, both by the ecological (Eco) culture. The number of spikelets in the ear was lower by 2 in both varieties in eco system. The membranes of the spikelets - the glumes and the blades were in the same order, shorter by 1 mm. The number of grains in the ear was 12 higher in the Trivale variety compared to Bezostaia, cultivated Conv., and by the Eco system. this number was reduced by 8 grains in Trivale and by 10 grains in Bezostaia in eco system. The weight of the grains in the two varieties was at the level of 0.6 g/Trivale Eco and 0.4 g/Bezostaia-Eco. Grain length decreased slightly in both Conv. varieties, and grain thickness was greater in Bezostaia Eco. Crude protein remained above 12% in Trivale Conv., as in Bezostaia Conv. The Bezostaia-Eco. variety had a CP of about 11%. Good wet gluten for baking (minimum 22%) was obtained only in Trivale Conv. The Zeleny sedimentation index oscillated in both varieties between the percentages qualified as good-not so good only in the Trivale variety: 9.7 mm to 22.0 mm, while in the Bezostaia variety the percentages were not so good-good in the Conv. and Eco. systems: 21.0 mm to 37.6 mm. The correlations obtained between the main characters emphasized their support at significant positive levels in the Eco. crop system in both varieties. These results could prove to be supportive for the promotion of both current cropping systems and in the case of white luvic soils in the south of the territory. Rezumat În etapa actuală la grâu se dorește îmbunătățirea zestrei genetice cu cât mai multe susțineri exprimate prin valențe cantitative și calitative. Pe de o parte este vizată sporirea nivelului biomasei boabelor, iar pe de altă parte se cere și obținerea de performanțe de sustenabilitate pentru mediul de cultură. De curând însă această sustenabilitate este orientată și spre a promova sistemul convențional cu cel ecologic (green). Dintr-o astfel de analiză, chiar și prin aspectele morfologice, s-ar putea identifica unele caractere utile de sustenabilitate, cu promovarea de fapt pentru ambele sisteme de cultură. Pentru analiza din acest material s-au folosit două soiuri de grâu cu vechime ceva mai mare în cultură. Acestea sunt: soiul Trivale care se cultivă de peste 20 de ani și Bezostaia cu vechime mult mai mare (anii ’60). Atât la noi, cât și în alte părți se consideră că cerealele de tipul celor de față ar putea să-și facă tot mai mult loc, având în vedere “variable genetic heritage, with greater resilience”, cu toleranță ridicată la stresul biotic și abiotic și la creștere. Comparând cele două soiuri cultivate în cele două sisteme: Convențional-Conv. și Ecologic-Eco. s-a constatat că lungimea paiului s-a redus cu circa 9 cm la soiul Trivale și cu numai 2 cm la Bezostaia. Grosimea paiului la bază a cunoscut îngroșări la ambele soiuri prin cultura de tip Eco. Spicele celor două soiuri s-au scurtat la ambele sisteme Eco. cu 1 cm. Greutatea spicelor s-a redus le ambele soiuri, cu 0.8 g la Trivale și 0.4 g la Bezostaia, ambele prin cultura Eco. Numărul de spiculețe din spic a fost mai mic cu 2 la ambele soiuri Eco. Membranele spiculețelor- glumele și paleile au fost în aceeași ordine, mai scurte cu 1 mm. Numărul de boabe în spic a fost cu 12 mai mare la soiul Trivale față de Bezostaia, cultivate Conv., iar prin sistemul Eco. acest număr s-au redus echivalent cu 8 boabe la Trivale și cu 10 boabe la Bezostaia. Greutatea boabelor la cele două soiuri s-a situat la nivelul 0,6 g/Trivale Eco. și 0.4 g/Bezostaia-Eco. Lungimea boabelor a scăzut ușor la ambele soiuri Conv., iar grosimea boabelor de grâu a fost mai mare la Bezostaia Eco. Proteina brută s-a menținut la peste 12% la Trivale Conv., la fel ca și la Bezostaia Conv. Soiul Bezostaia-Eco. a avut PB de circa 11%. Glutenul umed bun de panificație (minim 22%) s-a obținut numai la Trivale Conv. Indicele de sedimentare Zeleny a oscilat la ambele soiuri între procentele calificate sub formă de bun-nu așa bun numai la soiul Trivale: 9.7 mm la 22.0 mm, în timp ce la soiul Bezostaia precentele au fost nu așa bun-bun îm sistemele Conv. și Eco. :21.0 mm la 37,6 mm. Corelațiile obținute între principalele caractere au accentuat susținerea acestora la nivele semnificative pozitive în sistemul de cultură Eco. la ambele soiuri. Aceste rezultate s-ar putea dovedi de susținere pentru promovarea ambelor sisteme actuale de cultură și în cazul luvosolurilor albce sin sudul teritoriului

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Annicchiarico, P., Chiapparino, E., Perenzin, M.,. Response of common wheat varieties to organic and conventional production systems across Italian locations, and implications for selection, 2010. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, Holland

Austin, R.B., 1999. Yield of wheat in the United Kingdom: recent advances and prospects. Crop Science, Madison, USA

Black M.H., Halmer P. The encyclopedia of seeds: science, technology and uses, 2006, CABI Wallingford, UK

Bonjean A.P. & William J.A. The world wheat book: a history of wheat breeding. Excellent resource for 20th century plant breeding, 2001. Andover, UK

Bray C.M., West C.E. DNA repair mechanisms in plants: crucial sensors and effectors for the maintenance of genome integrity, 2005. New Phytologist, Cambridge, UK

Brenchley P., Spannagl M., Pfeifer M., Baker G.L., d’Amore R., Allen A.M., McKenzie N., Kramer M., Kerhomov A., Bolser D., Kay S., Waite D., Trick M., Bancroft I., Gu Y., Huo N., Luo M.C., Seghal S., Gill B., Klanian S., Anderson D., Kersey P., Dvorak J., McCombie W.R., Hall A., Bayer K.F., Edwards K.J., Bevan M.W., Hall N. Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole- genome shotgun sequencing, 2012. Nature, London, UK

Caligari P.D.S. & Brandham P.E. Wheat taxonomy: the legacy of John Percival, 2001. Linnean Society, London, UK

Doltra, J., Laegdsmand, M., Olesen, J.E., 2011. Cereal yield and quality as affected by nitrogen availability in organic and conventional arable crop rotations: a combined modelling and experimental approach. European Journal of Agronomy, Agroscope, Suisse

Eira M.T.S., Caldas L.S. Seed dormancy and germination as concurrent processes, 2000. Revista Brasilieiras Fisiologia Vegetal, Campinas SP, Brasil

Hannell, U., L-Baeckstrom, G., Svensson, G., 2004. Quality studies on wheat grown in different cropping systems: a holistic perspective. Acta Agriculurae Scandinavica, Section B, Soil and Plant Science, Scandinavian U niversity Press, Norway

Hillocks, R.J., 2012. Farming with fewer pesticides: EU pesticide review and resulting challenges for UK agriculture. Crop Protection, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland

Hole, D.G., Perkins, A.J., Wilson, J.D., Alexander, H.I., Grice, P.V., Evans, A.D., 2005. Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biological Conservation, Montpellier, France

Jones, H.M., Clarke, S.M., Haigh, Z., Pearce, H., Wolfe, M., 2010. The effect of the year of wheat variety release on productivity and stability of performance on two organic and two-non organic farms. The Journal of Agricultural Science Cambridge, UK

L-Baeckstrom, G., Hannell, U., Svensson, G., 2004. Baking quality of wheat grown in different cultivation systems, 1992–2001: a holistic approach. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, John Wiley & Sons, Australia

Li J., Wan H.-S., Yang W.-Y. Synthetic hexaploid wheat enhanced variation and adaptive evolution of bread wheat in breeding processes, 2014. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Wiley, Hoboken, USA

Mader, P., Fliessbach, A., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Fried, P., Niggli, U., 2002. Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming. Science, AAAS- American Association of the Advanced Science, Washington DC, USA

Mader, P., Hahn, D., Dubois, D., Gunst, L., Alfoldi, T., Bergmann, H., Oehme, M., Amado, R., Schneider, H., Graf, U., Velimirov, A., Fließbach, A., Niggli, U., 2007. Wheat quality in organic and conventional farming: results of a 21 year field experiment. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, London, UK

Marrige M. New wheat varieties crop tell under organic conditions, 1985. New Farmer and Grower, Auckland, New Zealand

Mason, H., Navabi, A., Frick, B., O’Donovan, J., Niziol, D., Spaner, D., 2007. Does growing Canadian Western Hard Red Spring wheat under organic management alter its breadmaking quality? Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, Cambridge University Press, UK

Murphy, K.M., Campbell, K.G., Lyon, S.R., Jones, S.S., 2007. Evidence of varietal adaptation to organic farming systems. Field Crops Research, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland

Olesen, J.E., Trnka, M., Kersebaum, K.C., Skjelvag, A.O., Seguin, B., Peltonen-Sainio, P., Rossi, F., Kozyra, J., Micale, F., 2011. Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to climate change. European Journal of Agronomy, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland

Przystalski, M., Osman, A., Thiemt, E.M., Rolland, B., Ericson, L., Ostergard, H., Levy, L., Wolfe, M., Buchse, A., Piepho, H.P., Krajewski, P., 2008. Comparing the performance of cereal varieties in organic and non-organic cropping systems in different European countries. Euphytica, New York, USA

Tester M., Langridge P. Breeding technologies to increase crop production in a changing world, 2010. Science (AAAS- American Association for the Advancement of Science), New York Ave, NW, Washington DC, USA

Tilman, D., Cassman, K.G., Matson, P.A., Naylor, R., Polasky, S., 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, New York, USA

Tomos M.L. Cercetări privind tehnologia de cultivare a grâului și secarei de toamnă în sistem ecologic, 2010. Teză Doctorat, USAMV Cluj-Napoca

Toncea, I. Bilanțul cercetărilor de agricultură ecologică de la INCDA Fundulea la ceas jubiliar, 2007. Analele INCDA Fundulea

Wolfe, M.S., Baresel, J.P., Desclaux, D., Goldringer, I.M., Hoad, S., Kovacs, G., Loschenberger, F., Miedaner, T.M., Ostergrad, H., Lamberts Van Bueren, E.T., 2008. Developments in breeding cereals for organic agriculture in Europe. Euphytica, New York, USA

Downloads

Published

01-08-2025

Issue

Section

Field Crops, Natural Resources and Mechanization

How to Cite

(1)
Ionescu, N.; Ghiorghe, C.; Gheorghe, R. M.; Popescu, D. M.; Nicolae, M. C.; Podea, M. M.; Dinuță, I. C. COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TRIVALE AND BEZOSTAIA WHEAT VARIETIES WITHIN CONVENTIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL CROP SYSTEMS. AAR 2025, 7, 77-87. https://doi.org/10.51258/AAR.2025.7.09.